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Medical Waste Segregation and Handling
- Proper segregation is a fundamental requirement in California's regulations. In a doctor's office or family practice, waste must be segregated immediately at the point of generation (e.g., during patient treatment) to avoid cross-contamination. Here are the key practices:
- Infectious waste: Must be placed in red bags or containers clearly marked with the "Infectious Waste" symbol. These bags should be leak-resistant and securely tied.
- Sharps waste: Must be placed in puncture-resistant containers that are clearly labeled with the “Sharps” symbol. These containers must be sealed to prevent accidental needlesticks.
- Pharmaceutical waste: Unused or expired drugs must be disposed of through reverse distribution programs or in compliance with pharmaceutical disposal regulations. Special handling and records are often required for controlled substances.
- General non-hazardous waste: Items that are not contaminated with blood or bodily fluids can be disposed of as regular trash, but items like paper towels, disposable gloves, and gowns should be properly disposed of in general waste bins if they are not contaminated.
Storage Requirements
- Location: Medical waste must be stored in a designated, secure area that is not accessible to the public. It must be stored in containers that are leak-proof and sealed.
- Temperature: Infectious waste that is not yet treated must be stored in cool, dry conditions to prevent decomposition. For example, waste should not be left in direct sunlight or areas prone to excessive heat.
- Labeling: Containers must be properly labeled with the word "Medical Waste" and the appropriate symbols (e.g., sharps or infectious waste). They must be maintained in good condition and free from leaks or spills.
Transportation of Medical Waste
- Licensed Waste Haulers: Medical waste must be picked up and transported by a licensed waste management company. The hauler must be authorized by the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) or other relevant local authorities.
- Manifest System: A manifest or tracking system should be used to track the movement of medical waste from the office to the disposal facility. This is particularly important for hazardous waste, pharmaceutical waste, and other controlled substances.
- Packaging: Medical waste must be placed in containers that are leak-proof, securely closed, and clearly marked with the appropriate labels. For sharps waste, puncture-resistant containers are required.
Disposal of Medical Waste
- Non-hazardous medical waste (e.g., most general medical office waste) can be disposed of in a municipal landfill after being treated (e.g., autoclaved or disinfected).
- Infectious waste must be disinfected or treated by an approved method, such as autoclaving or incineration, before disposal in a landfill. This helps ensure that any pathogens are neutralized.
- Sharps waste must be incinerated, or an alternative treatment method (such as autoclaving) must be used, followed by disposal in a landfill.
- Pharmaceutical waste: This should be disposed of through reverse distribution (returning unused or expired drugs to the manufacturer) or in accordance with state and federal regulations, including hazardous waste disposal methods if applicable.
